2025 Facts & Fiscal Notes

​​​Fiscal Notes for the 2025 Regular Session of the General Assembly​​

Updated March 7, 2025

HB 3 – AN ACT relating to reimbursement for pharmacist services.
House Bill 3 is estimated to cost $220,000 (50% federal/50% state funds, $110,000 state) to program the Medicaid information system to allow for pharmacists to bill as providers.

HB 15 – AN ACT relating to instruction permits and declaring an emergency.
House Bill 15 is estimated to cost $100,000 from the Road Fund to reprogram the current KDLIS system while the new KINDL system is being developed. Some additional costs and time delays may occur with the new KINDL system by requiring changes to the current system.

HB16 – AN ACT relating to water fluoridation programs.
House Bill 16 is estimated to costs between $19.7-59.1 million total ($3.9-11.8 million state) assuming a 10-30% percentage of the population with non-fluoridated drinking water:

• 10% $19.7 million total ($3.94 million state funds)
• $17 million for one additional carie per year for 68,000 children
• $2.7 million in increased non-preventive dental costs for 90,000 adults
• 30% $59.1 million ($11.8 million state funds)
• $51 million for one additional carie per year for 204,000 children
• $8.1 million in increased non-preventive dental costs for 270,000 adults

HB 20 – AN ACT relating to privacy protection.
House Bill 20 (use of automated license plate readers) – loss of $3.4 million in Road Fund revenues from charges collected at weigh stations, such as overweight truck fines related to weight-distance collections and vehicle impounds at weigh stations, since license plate readers provide evidence of a vehicle's location at a certain time within the state.

HB 23 – AN ACT relating to sex crimes.
House Bill 23 is estimated to cost at least $827,200 for additional treatment, reentry, and offender information staff to oversee the offenders in the community and placements and audits.

HB 26 – AN ACT relating to individual income tax exclusions
House Bill 26 is estimated to decrease General Fund revenues by $5.6 million in fiscal year 2026 and $11.3 million in fiscal year 2027 through the elimination of tips and overtime compensation from gross income for purposes of calculating Kentucky individual income tax.

HB 31 – AN ACT relating to weight limits on state roads.
House Bill 31 is estimated to increase system programming costs to issue the permits of approximately $50,000-$100,000.

HB 32 – AN ACT relating to outdoor recreation.
House Bill 32 is estimated to cost $810,000 for personnel and operating costs, but no appropriation has been included with the legislation. The fiscal impact consists of the following estimated costs:

• Personnel – (1 Exec Director x $260,000) + (2 staff x $150,000) = $560,000
• Operations, Marketing, Resources, Travel – $250,000
  

HB​ 43 – AN ACT relating to maternal health disparities in perinatal care.
House Bill 43 is estimated to cost $502,100 for the first year and $406,300 for each subsequent year for additional staff for the Department of Public Health (DPH) at a cost of approximately $350,000, plus information technology costs of about $152,100 initially and $56,300 in ongoing annual support.

HB 43 mandates that DPH track specific data elements on maternal death and severe morbidity. Staffing is needed because morbidity data is difficult to obtain as the reporting diagnosis would need to be obtained through direct chart abstraction from the hospitals.

Maternal fatality reviews are conducted at the state level. If the scope is extended to include morbidity, two additional nurses will be needed to conduct record abstraction at a cost of approximately $150,000 each per year each.

HB 52 – AN ACT relating to the property tax homestead exemption.
House Bill 52 is estimated to decrease General Fund revenues by $1.1 million in fiscal year 2027 and $1.3 million in fiscal year 2029. HB 52 changes the frequency in which the real property tax Homestead Exemption and Disability Exemption are computed from every two years to annually. 

HB 54 – AN ACT relating to building trade professions.
House Bill 54 is estimated to cost $20,000 for software upgrades. HB 54 requires the Department to recognize and count certain hours toward the hours necessary for regulated professions requiring an additional staff position and a tracking and reporting system.

HB 57 – ACT relating to employment advertising.
House Bill 57 is estimated to cost $110,000 per year for an additional staff position in the Department of Workplace Standards to enforce new employer ghost job posting requirements.

HB 59 – AN ACT relating to psychologists.
House Bill 59 is estimated to cost $20,000 per year in additional per diem costs to increase the number of board members from 9 to 11.

HB 60 – AN ACT relating to an ad valorem tax exemption for motor vehicles.
House Bill 60 is estimated to decrease General Fund revenues by $100 million in fiscal year 2026 and $210 million in fiscal year 2027. HB60 eliminates the state portion of the property tax on motor vehicles beginning with the January 1, 2026, assessments.

HB 61 – AN ACT relating to Medicaid-covered nonemergency medical transportation.
House Bill 61​ is estimated to cost $15.8 million ($4.4 million state funds).

• $15.2 million ($4.1 million state) in increased benefits and utilization, and $600,000 ($300,000 state) in additional staff to address the new enrollment and maintenance costs.

HB 61 requires that the current Medicaid nonemergency medical transport (NEMT) program be completely restructured. The additional expenses are based on the need for additional transports.

HB 70 – AN ACT relating to dietitians.
House Bill 70 is estimated to cost $100,000 per year to cover fees related to the Dietitian Licensure Compact.

HB 76 – AN ACT relating to retirement benefits for state and county employees in hazardous positions.
House Bill 76 is estimated to cost the Executive branch of state government $5.7 million per year to provide Tier 2 retirement benefits to current Tier 3 members in the State Police Retirement System and the Kentucky Employees Hazardous Duty Retirement System. 

HB 86 – AN ACT relating to unpasteurized milk.
House Bill 86 is estimated to cost approximately $85,000 per incident of a foodborne illness outbreak.

If estimating between 50-100 incidents of a foodborne illness outbreak as a result of consuming raw milk and raw milk products, the cost to investigate would be $4.25M – $8.5M.

The breakdown of cost is:

• $50,000 for local health department and state program staff time (not including overtime or other costs associated with travel, specimen collection, and packaging and shipping costs), and
• $35,000 for sample collection and testing.
  

HB 102 – AN ACT relating to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances. (UPDATED)
House Bill 102 is estimated to cost $985,000 annually from the General Fund to operate the program, $760,000 for the Cabinet for Health and Family Services and $225,000 for the Energy and Environment Cabinet, which includes three additional staff and associated operating expenses for the for the PFAS Working Group and numerous requirements and deliverables, and costs for the collection of data from manufacturers of products containing intentionally added PFAS including product description and identification of releases of PFAS exceeding 10 pounds in 24 hours. There are penalties in the bill but the revenue from this source is expected to be minimal.

HB 106 – AN ACT relating to cannabis.
House Bill 106 is estimated to reduce the fee revenue used to administer the medical cannabis program.

If Kentuckians who would otherwise qualify and participate in the medical cannabis program decided to cultivate their own cannabis plants for personal use, this could lead to a decrease in program revenue derived from patient application fees.

HB 107 – ACT relating to unemployment insurance.
House Bill 107 is estimated to cost between $1.3 and $2.6 million to modify both the current information technology system and the new unemployment insurance information technology system which is under development.

HB 108 – AN ACT relating to an ad valorem tax exemption for motor vehicles.
House Bill 108 is estimated to decrease General Fund revenues by $11.5 million in fiscal year 2026 and $35 million in fiscal year 2027. HB 108 phases down the motor vehicle property tax rates 5 cents per year, from 45 cents per $100, to zero over nine years, beginning with assessments on January 1, 2026 and ending on January 1, 2034.

HB 111 – AN ACT relating to soil conservation.
House Bill 111 is estimated to cost $258,100 for two additional staff to establish a Healthy Soils Program to promote the use of healthy soil practices including providing technical advice and assistance, assist with soil health assessments, and aid farmers with the development and implementation of soil health plans.

HB 113 – AN ACT relating to motor vehicle usage tax
House Bill 113 is estimated to decrease Road Fund revenues by $50,000 in fiscal year 2026 and $55,000 in fiscal year 2027. HB 113 exempts from the motor vehicle usage tax any vehicle purchased outside the state by a veteran or member of the United States Armed Forces while that person was on active duty. 

HB 129 – ACT relating to living wage.
House Bill 129 is estimated to cost $110,000 per year for an additional investigator staff position in the Department of Workplace Standards' Division of Wages and Hours due to the new employer requirements.

HB 136 – AN ACT relating to corrections data reporting.
House Bill 136 is estimated to cost $50,000 to update the Kentucky Offender Management System to add new data reporting features required by the bill.

HB 138 – AN ACT relating to earned paid sick leave.
House Bill 138 is estimated to have an annual cost of $110,000 per year and one-time costs of $41,000. The Department of Workplace Standards will have a cost of $110,000 for enforcement related to employers providing earned paid sick leave. Both the Department and the Personnel Cabinet will have costs to configure, develop, document and test required changes to their information technology systems.

HB 140 – AN ACT relating to public health and safety.
House Bill 140 is estimated to cost $5.1 million ($1.1 million state) in increased costs from processing, testing, and administering the expanded directed donation processes, and an additional staff position in the Office of Inspector General. 

HB 146 – AN ACT relating to the taxation of retirement distributions.
House Bill 146 is estimated to reduce General Fund revenues by $17.8 million in fiscal year 2027 by raising the amount of retirement income that is exempt from state-level taxation from $31,110 to $41,110, effective January 1, 2018. 

HB 147 – AN ACT relating to railroad operations.
House Bill 147 is estimated to increase Road Fund revenues based on the number of violations resulting in civil penalties.

HB 148 – AN ACT relating to the Child Care Assistance Program.
House Bill 148 is estimated to cost $30.1 to $30.5 million annually from the General Fund based on the proposed changes and copayments. The cost of updating the Integrated Eligibility and Enrollment System regarding benefits or services related to the child care assistance program is estimated between $100k - $500K (federal funds).

This estimate does not take into consideration any other additional federal funds that could be reduced for being in violation of the federal rule. Copayments are established within 922 KAR 2:160, which was amended to be compliant with the recent federal CCDF Final Rule issued in April 2024 capping family co-pays at no more than 7% of a family's income.

HB 151 – AN ACT relating to a tax credit for volunteer firefighters.
House Bill 151 will result in a decrease in General Fund revenues of $15.5 million beginning in fiscal year 2027. HB 151 is also estimated to cost $387,000. This refundable tax credit for active volunteer firefighters will require form changes, programming, administrative costs, and resources to track, compliance, and report on this credit. The estimate includes programming costs of $220,000, one staffer at $117,000, and $50,000 for forms and other administrative costs. 

HB 152 (HCS2) – AN ACT relating to a Medicaid supplemental payment program for public ground ambulance providers.

House Bill 152 with House Committee Substitute 2 is estimated to cost $200,000 to seek or expand a third-party contract to administer the program. The bill requires state match funds to be paid by public ground ambulance providers and permits the department to retain $200,000 to offset administrative expenses.​​

HB 154 – AN ACT relating to gender transition services.
House Bill 154 is estimated to cost the Medicaid program $6.3-$9.8 million ($540,000-$1.95 million state funds) for increased behavioral and mental health services for 5,000-10,000 persons. Other states with similar laws have experienced an increase in suicide attempts, some by as much as 72%. The increase in services expected include an additional six hours of behavioral health counseling and therapy, an increase in pharmacy costs, and increased psychiatric hospitalization.

HB 157 – AN ACT relating to special license plates.
House Bill 157 is estimated to require a $5,000 programming fee for a new Friends of Kentucky Agriculture license plate.

HB 159 – AN ACT relating to collection of delinquent tax bills.
House Bill 159 is estimated to require increased costs, but they are unknown, due to the required participation of the Department of Revenue in suits filed by county attorneys. HB 159 includes a significant new responsibility for the Department's attorneys and support staff and may require extensive travel for numerous court appearances. 

HB 161 – AN ACT relating to identity documents.
House Bill 161 is estimated to cost $250,000 from the Road Fund per year for three staff to handle the approvals, training and auditing of the third-party providers, plus an extra $50 per background check.

HB 175 – AN ACT relating to signage on state-maintained highways.
House Bill 175 is estimated to cost $315,500 from the Road Fund for removing the plaques below the 13 large panel signs on the interstate routes entering Kentucky with appropriate traffic control, and to fabricate and install 75 smaller sheeting signs on conventional roadways entering the state. These cost estimates include appropriate traffic control.

HB 179 – AN ACT relating to sales and use tax exemptions for bullion and currency.
House Bill 179 is estimated to reduce General Fund revenues by $3.1 million in fiscal year 2026, including refunds, and $2.5 million in fiscal year 2027. 

HB 188 –​ AN ACT relating to motor vehicle driveaway plates.
House Bill 188​ is estimated to cost $230,000, of which $130,000 is recurring from the Road Fund to fund a program investigator and for enforcement actions, and $100,000 for KAVIS and ICA database programming.

HB 189 – AN ACT relating to contributions made to a Kentucky qualified expense program.
House Bill 189 will result in a decrease in General Fund revenues of $350,000 beginning in fiscal year 2027. HB 189 is estimated cost $284,000, pending a more specific quote from a vendor on the impact to Revenue's Integrated Tax System. The preliminary estimate includes $234,000 for two staff and $50,000 for forms and other administrative costs. HB 189 creates a new employer non-refundable income tax credit.

HB  192 – AN ACT relating to income taxation of military pensions.
House Bill 192 will result in a decrease in General Fund revenues of $7.6 million beginning in fiscal year 2027. HB 192 is estimated to cost $270,000, pending a more specific quote from a vendor on the impact to Revenue's Integrated Tax System. The preliminary estimate includes programming costs of $220,000, and $50,000 for forms and other administrative costs. HB 192 excludes from the income tax all distributions from military pension plans received by retired service members and benefits received by surviving spouses under a survivor benefit plan.

HB 195 – AN ACT relating to tax incentives for first-time home buyers.
House Bill 195 will result in a decrease in General Fund revenues of $420,000 beginning in fiscal year 2027. HB 195 is estimated cost $401,000, pending a more specific quote from a vendor on the impact to Revenue's Integrated Tax System.  The preliminary estimated costs include $351,000 for three staff and $50,000 for forms and other administrative costs. HB 195 establishes an income tax exclusion from gross income for contributions made to an "eligible savings account" associated with the purchase of a "qualified principal residence" by a "first-time home buyer".

HB 215 – AN ACT relating to local regulatory actions.
House Bill 215 is estimated to cost $220,000 per year for two additional positions within the Department of Workplace Standards to enforce city enacted ordinances for public works project costing over $50,000.

HB 266 – AN ACT relating to the Child Care Assistance Program.
House Bill 266 has an indeterminable, but significant fiscal impact, that could be in excess of $100 million. HB 266 expands eligibility for the Child Care Assistance Program to employees of industries or occupations that have been determined to be “in-demand", regardless of income.

HB 279 – AN ACT relating to enhancing nutrition in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. 
House Bill 279 is estimated to have a one-time cost of $237,000 (50% federal/50% state funds) for mass notification and marketing campaign related to exclusion of certain foods from being purchased using Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program benefits.

HB 287 – AN ACT relating to leave from employment.
House Bill 287 is estimated to cost $110,000 per year for an additional investigator staff position within the Department of Workplace Standards to enforce the prohibition of employers discharging or retaliating against an employee who attends proceedings associated with a crime.

HB 289 – AN ACT relating to wages for employment.
House Bill 289 is estimated to cost $112,000 per year including $2,000 for required notices and $110,000 for an additional investigator staff position within the Department of Workplace Standards to enforce the prohibition of discriminatory employment practices related to previous salary or wages.

HB 293 – AN ACT relating to state parks.
House Bill 293 is estimated to cost approximately $3.3 million in revenue loss to Kentucky State Parks by offering a 15% discount to Kentucky residents on accommodations, campgrounds and golf course fees. Approximately 60% of lodging and 80% of golf revenues are from Kentucky residents.

HB 295 – AN ACT relating to plastic waste.
House Bill 295 is estimated to cost $1.5 million, including $400,000 for vehicles in the first year and $1.1 million annually for ten additional staff and operating expenses related to enforcing the bans on plastic single-use carryout bags, single-use plastic straws, and Styrofoam food and beverage containers by retail food and beverage establishments.​

HB 302 – AN ACT relating the Adult Workforce Diploma Pilot Program.
House Bill 302 is estimated to cost $2.8 million per year annually for three additional staff and provider payments based on student milestones for the Adult Workforce Diploma Pilot Program. 

HB  309 – AN ACT relating to hospital price transparency.
House Bill 309 is estimated to cost $700,200 for the first year and $577,200 for each subsequent year for four additional staff for the Office of Inspector General at a cost of approximately $567,200 each year, plus information technology costs of about $123,000 initially and $10,000 for each subsequent year, to monitor hospital price transparency including evaluating complaints and auditing facility websites for compliance.​

HB 326 – AN ACT relating to utility disconnection protections.
House Bill 326 is estimated to cost $153,800 in the first year and $113,800 for each subsequent year for an additional staff position for resolution of increased complaints related to electric and gas utility disconnections within set temperature standards. The first year costs include $40,000 in one-time cost for a vehicle.

HB 333 – AN ACT relating to offender reentry.
House Bill 333 is estimated to cost $471,000 for additional regional reentry staff to be able to issue identification cards or operator's licenses to felony offenders released from county jails.

HB 343 – AN ACT relating to emergency medical services.
House Bill 343 is estimated to cost $31 million annually beginning in fiscal year 2026 for incentive payments ($4,800 stipend), mental health services reimbursements, and administrative costs for the newly created EMS Professionals Foundation Program Fund.  The source of funds is the insurance surcharge currently assessed to property and casualty insurance premiums, which is now split between the Firefighters Foundation Program Fund and the Kentucky Law Enforcement Foundation Program Fund.  The expected fiscal year 2026 surcharge recurring revenues would not be sufficient to fund an additional $31 million in HB 343 costs without a legislative increase in the surcharge.

In addition, the bill expands eligibility for Survivor Benefit payments for certain specified EMS professionals, which are currently paid from the General Fund in the Appropriations Not Otherwise Classified budget unit.  Survivor Benefit payments total $80,000 per qualifying event.

HB 346 (HCS1) – AN ACT relating to air quality programs and declaring an emergency.
House Bill 346 with House Committee Substitute 1 is estimated to reduce fee revenues by $920,000, Title V air emission assessment on certain pieces of equipment, for calendar year 2023.  These revenues were included in the Division of Air Quality enacted budget and relied upon to carry out its requirements.

HB 350 – AN ACT relating to roofing contractors.
House Bill 350 is estimated to cost $1.1 million for the first year and $970,000 for each subsequent year for eight additional staff and operating costs. The $175,000 one-time costs are for vehicles. HB 350 requires all roofing contractors to be licensed.

HB 355 – AN ACT relating to certificate of need.
House Bill 355 is estimated to cost $424,500 per year for three additional staff to process the anticipated increase in licensure applications as the facilities exempted from the certificate need would be required to apply for licensure. HB 355 is anticipated to decrease revenue by $50,000 per year due to fewer certificate of need applications.

HB 357 – AN ACT relating to reproductive health care.
House Bill 357 is estimated to cost $6.2–$17.6 million (90% federal, 10% state, $620,000-$1.76 million state funds) to establish a family planning Medicaid waiver program to provide family planning services and family planning-related services to eligible individuals. The range of costs is based on assumptions of eligible women participants.

HB 360 – AN ACT relating to peace officers.
House Bill 360 is estimated to cost $783,000 annually for six additional staff and operational costs.  HB 360 is related to revocation of peace officer certification and adds Ky State Fair Board special police officer for eligibility for the KLEFPF stipend​

HB 362 – AN ACT relating to wage transparency.
House Bill 362 is estimated to cost $110,000 per year for an additional investigator staff position within the Department of Workplace Standards to enforce requirements that employers include the wages or wage range for job postings.

HB 377 – AN ACT relating to digital assets.
House Bill 377 is estimated to cost $823,800 annually for seven additional staff to perform examinations of depository institutions that act as custodians of digital assets.

HB 390 – AN ACT relating to motor vehicle insurance.
House Bill 390 is estimated to cost between $600,000 and $1.1 million for initial costs to program the KAVIS system and $750,000 in operating costs in the second and subsequent years to establish and administer an accessible online insurance verification system.  Registration reinstatement fees will reduce this impact, but there is no currently available estimate.

HB 393 – AN ACT relating to the acquisition and ownership of real property by a foreign principal.
House Bill 393 is estimated to cost $400,000 per year for two additional staff and operating costs for the required registration of foreign principals that own real property.​

HB 395 – AN ACT relating to birth certificates.
House Bill 395 is estimated to have a one-time cost of $54,500 for information system modifications including updates to the data collection and storage application, adjustments to print functions, and the addition of new fields within the relevant module to allow the names of adopted parents and deceased biological parents to appear on new birth certificates.

HB 398 (HCS1) – AN ACT relating to occupational safety and health.
House Bill 398 with House Committee Substitute 1 would allow the Franklin Circuit Court to award expenses incurred such as court costs and attorney's fees against the Department of Workplace Standards resulting in a potential cost increase.  Since award amounts would be based on future court cases the amount of the cost increase is currently undeterminable. 

HB 402 – AN ACT relating to economic development.
House Bill 402 is estimated to cost $290,000 for the establishment of two positions to promote development in areas affected by the declining coal industry.

HB 408 – AN ACT relating to patient-directed care at the end of life.
House Bill 408 is estimated to cost $100,000 for one additional staff person to meet the requirement for the collection and storage of the prescriptions submitted to the Cabinet for Health and Family Services, the promulgation of administrative regulations, and the drafting of the required annual report.​

HB 420 – AN ACT relating to workers' compensation for first responders.
House Bill 420 is estimated to cost $8.2 million annually for the expansion of workers' compensation coverage to include psychological, psychiatric, or stress-related injuries for specified first responders, front-line staff in the Department for Community Based Services, and members of the National Guard on state active duty.

HB 431 – AN ACT relating to highway pavement markings.
House Bill 431 is estimated to cost $30-40 million per year to extend the testing of pavement markings out to six months after completion and repair within 30 days if the markings do not meet federal standards. Pavement marking tests are currently done within 30-60 days after placement. Extending that to six months would cause most of the markings to fail the testing, especially if striping is affected by winter road conditions. 

HB 436 – AN ACT relating to commercial drivers license.
House Bill 436 is estimated to cost $25,000 for programming costs to the drivers licensing information technology system to permit drivers under age 21 to obtain a commercial drivers license with a hazmat endorsement.

HB 456 – AN ACT relating to driving under the influence.
House Bill 456 is estimated to cost $50,000 in programming costs for changes to the drivers licensing information technology system to add driving with a suspended license to a list of aggravators for DUI offenses.

HB 461 – AN ACT relating to Medicaid copayments for nonemergent emergency room visits.
House Bill 461 is estimated to cost $10 million ($5 million in state funds) in ongoing information technology costs to track co-payments and recipient income to ensure recipients spend no more than 5% of their income on cost-sharing.  Additionally, this bill is estimated to reduce payments to providers by approximately $24 million as they would not receive the federal match on co-payments. HB 461 requires nonemergency services provided in a hospital emergency department to be subject to Medicaid cost-sharing.

HB 469 – AN ACT relating to human gene therapy products and declaring an emergency.
House Bill 469 is estimated to cost the Medicaid program between $950,000 - $1.35 million total ($285,000 - $405,000 state) in additional emergency room visits due to the prohibition of any human gene therapy products which have proven effective at treating certain illnesses.

HB 471 – AN ACT relating to the taxation of income received by a minor.
House Bill 471 is estimated to reduce General Fund revenues by $732,000 in fiscal year 2026, and by $1.5 million in fiscal year 2027. HB 471 excludes all income earned by a minor for purposes of Kentucky individual income taxation and is effective January 1, 2026.  

HB 493 – AN ACT relating to the towing and storage of motor vehicles.
House Bill 493 is estimated to cost $252,500 in one-time expenditures to make changes to Intrastate Certificates Application system for Towing and Storage ($250,000) and new plate development ($2,500).

HB 496 – AN ACT relating to operating a motor vehicle.
House Bill 496 is estimated to cost $25,000 for programming changes to the Driver License Information System (KDLIS).

HB 505 – AN ACT relating to the Veteran-Owned Small Business and Entrepreneur Loan Program.
House Bill 505 is estimated to cost $3 million for the establishment of the Veteran-Owned Small Business and Entrepreneur Loan Program including two additional staff, operating costs, and loan funds to qualified veterans up to $50,000.

HB 506 – AN ACT relating to chronic pain treatments.
House Bill 506 is estimated to cost the Medicaid program at least $27 million total ($5.4 million state) for coverage of up to 20 visits of chronic pain treatments per event for specified licensed professionals for an estimated five percent of the Medicaid population.

HB 518 – AN ACT relating to the issuance of identity documents.
House Bill 518 is estimated to cost $4,000,000 in the first year for equipment, equipment support, and network costs, with $3,120,000 annualized recurring to set up one workstation per county, given that there is one circuit clerk office per county.

HB 557 – AN ACT relating to elementary literacy and making an appropriation therefor.
House Bill 557 sets up a Kids Love to Read Program with the intention of providing books to each public-school K-5^th grade student.  If funds are available, the program would provide 50% of the cost with a cap of $120 per student per year, including outside matching funds. HB 557 appropriates $500,000 from the Budget Reserve Trust Fund.

HB 567 – AN ACT relating to Medicaid eligibility.
House Bill 567 is estimated to cost $32.7 million total ($9.8 million state) to expand Medicaid coverage for an additional twelve months postpartum.

HB 589 – AN ACT relating to student health and safety.
House Bill 589 is estimated to cost $2,280,000 to the Department of Criminal Justice Training, $1,230,000 for additional investigators and operating expenses, and $1,050,000 for expert analysis, for required investigations by the state school security marshal into public school-related incidents involving serious physical injury or death of students. 

HB 593 – AN ACT relating to minimum wage for essential workers.
House Bill 593 is estimated to cost $220,000 per year for two additional investigators in the Department of Workplace Standards for enforcement of the employer requirement to pay an hourly hazard wage rate to essential employees during a Governor declared state of emergency.

HB 594 – AN ACT relating to prohibited employment agreements.
House Bill 594 is estimated to cost $110,000 per year for an additional investigator within the Department of Workplace Standards to enforce the prohibition of employers requiring employees to sign specific types of releases or agreements as conditions of employment.

HB 598 – AN ACT relating to employment provisions for employees on parental leave.
House Bill 598 is estimated to cost $110,000 per year for an additional investigator within the Department of Workplace Standards to enforce the requirement that employers with 50 or more employees provide 12 weeks of paid leave for the birth of a child, including surrogacy or adoption.

HB 608 – AN ACT relating to property fees.
House Bill 608 is estimated to cost $421,000 in the first year and $356,000 for each subsequent year to develop and implement a program to reimburse property owners for annual reimbursement for cleaning expenses related to accumulated angel dust within three-mile radius of a distillery or a premises with a rickhouse. The first year costs include information technology costs for system upgrades and programming.

HB 609 – AN ACT relating to certificate of need.
House Bill 609 is estimated to cost $540,000 per year for four additional staff due to establish a pilot program in urban health care markets to modernize requirements for a certificate of need.

HB 631 – AN ACT relating to employment schedules.
House Bill 631 is estimated to cost $330,000 per year for three new investigators in the Department of Workplace Standards to enforce the requirement that employers must post weekly schedules at least 7 days in advance and compensate employees for changes in the schedule.​

HB 635 – AN ACT relating to the establishment of a grant database.
House Bill 635 is estimated to cost $5 million to implement a grant management module within the Commonwealth's financial management system. This preliminary estimate is based upon discussion with the Commonwealth's vendor partner. Ongoing costs are estimated to be $375,000-$475,000 for software maintenance and support staff.

HB 648 – AN ACT relating liability shield products and declaring an emergency.
House Bill 648 is estimated to cost $270,000 in the first year and $160,000 for each subsequent year for an additional staff position for the monitoring, tracking, and alert issuances related to medical, pharmaceutical, biological or technological products designated as immune from liability under federal law.   First year costs include $110,000 to renegotiate contracts to allow for required data exchanges.

HB 651 – AN ACT relating to the child care assistance program.
House Bill 651 is estimated to cost $30.1 to $30.5 million annually from state funds based on the proposed changes and copayments. The cost of updating the Integrated Eligibility and Enrollment System regarding benefits or services related to the child care assistance program is estimated between $100,000-$500,000 (federal funds).

HB 672 – AN ACT relating to protection of information and declaring an emergency.
House Bill 672 is estimated to cost at least $2.5 million, $2 million for an application portfolio management system and $500,000 for staff in the Commonwealth Office of Technology, to operate a centralized registry of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in Kentucky state government and to implement an AI governance process ensuring adherence to regulatory standards, security, privacy, risk mitigation, and ethical practices.  Unknowns include the cost of standing up a security architecture specifically for the defense of AI systems.

HB 680 – AN ACT relating to commercial financing.
House Bill 680 is estimated to cost $233,000 per year for two additional staff for the regulation of commercial financing.

HB 690 – AN ACT relating to contracts.
House Bill 690 is estimated to cost an additional $111,000 per year, $110,000 for an additional investigator staff position and $1,000 for printing of required notices within the Department of Workplace Standards for enforcement of non-compete agreements or retaliation against an employee over such agreements.

HB 692 – AN ACT relating to employment.
House Bill 692 is estimated to cost $220,000 per year for two additional investigator staff positions within the Department of Workplace Standards to enforce unlawful terminations.

HB 714 – AN ACT relating to retirement benefits for state and county employees in hazardous positions.
House Bill 714 is estimated to cost the Executive branch of state government $5.7 million per year to provide Tier 2 retirement benefits to current Tier 3 members in the State Police Retirement System and the Kentucky Employees Hazardous Duty Retirement System. 

HB 757 – AN ACT relating to prevailing wage.
House Bill 757 is estimated to cost $220,000 per year for two additional staff positions within the Department of Workplace Standards to enforce the certified living wage for employers receiving certain financial incentives.

HB 774 – AN ACT relating to the reporting of fines and fees.
House Bill 774 is estimated to have a one-time cost of $47,000 for information system modifications to create the required database and website for all the fines and fees assessed from government agencies in criminal proceeding or civil enforcement action.

HB 780 – AN ACT relating to employment.
House Bill 780 is estimated to cost $220,000 per year for two additional investigator staff positions within the Department of Workplace Standards to enforce the expansion of employee classifications covered by Wage and Hour protections. 

HB 793 – AN ACT relating to reproductive health services. 
House Bill 793 is estimated to cost $950,000 total ($95,000 state funds) to provide family planning services including access to contraception.  

HB 794 – AN ACT relating to pregnancy resource centers.
House Bill 794 is estimated to cost $723,700 each year for five additional staff and operating costs for licensure of pregnancy resource centers.

HB 799 – AN ACT relating to executive branch agencies.
House Bill 799 requires executive branch agencies to perform any directive issued by the General Assembly through their existing funds if the General Assembly does not provide additional funding or an appropriation. HB 799 will result in cuts to programs created by the General Assembly, as executive branch agencies would have to move funds from programs that have appropriations to programs that do not. The bill appears to leave these cuts to the discretion of executive branch agencies, including the potential to eliminate funding for one program to support another. HB 799 is estimated to cost millions of dollars since the executive branch has been abiding by the 2005 Kentucky Supreme Court decision in Fletcher v. Commonwealth, which states that “…the mere existence of a statute that can be implemented only if funded does not mandate an appropriation." Also, “A mandated appropriation cannot be inferred from the mere existence of an unfunded statute." The 2024 legislative session enacted a number of statutes that required over $150 million in funding, but no funds were appropriated. There are other statutes on the books that are nonoperational because the necessary funds to implement them have not been appropriated.

HB 800 – AN ACT relating to fiscal impact statements.
House Bill 800 is estimated to cost $168,750 for actuarial services for the preparation of state employee health impact statements including providing the additionally required documentation.   The estimated cost is based on preparation of state employee health impact statements for 25 to 35 legislative proposals each session.​

HJR 8 – A JOINT RESOLUTION designating the President Donald J. Trump Highway in Boone County.
The Transportation Cabinet estimates a cost of $250 for fabrication and installation of most signs. Road and bridge naming requires two signs for a total estimated cost of $500. Link: House Joint Resolution 8.

HJR 15 – A JOINT RESOLUTION to return for permanent display on the New State Capitol grounds the granite Ten Commandments monument given to the Commonwealth of Kentucky in 1971 by the Fraternal Order of Eagles.
House Joint Resolution 15 is estimated to cost $30,000-$38,000 to relocate this monument. The costs are for the crating, equipment for loading and transporting, insurance, site preparation, and other measures to support the monument. ​

HJR 37 – A JOINT RESOLUTION directing the Cabinet for Health and Family Services to implement an in-home-drug disposal pilot program.
House Joint Resolution 37 is estimated to cost $300,000 for two additional staff and related operating expenses to implement the in-home drug disposal pilot program​​​.

SB 1 – AN ACT relating to the film industry.
Senate Bill 1 is estimated to cost $640,000 for the establishment of the Film Office, the newly created Film Leadership Council, an Executive Director, other personnel and operating costs for the administration of the Council and Office. SB 1 appropriates up to $500,000 from the transient room tax originally budgeted to the Tourism, Arts and Heritage Cabinet and includes application tax credit application fees that may amount to $50,000.

SB 4 – AN ACT relating to protection of information and declaring an emergency.
Senate Bill 4 is estimated to cost at least $2.5 million, $2 million for an application portfolio management system and $500,000 for staff in the Commonwealth Office of Technology, to operate a centralized registry of artificial intelligence (AI) systems in Kentucky state government and to implement an AI governance process ensuring adherence to regulatory standards, security, privacy, risk mitigation, and ethical practices.  Unknowns include the cost of standing up a security architecture specifically for the defense of AI systems.

SB 13 – AN ACT relating to Medicaid managed care.
Senate Bill 13 is estimated to cost $2.8 million in total funds ($1.4 million in state funds) to procure managed care organizations.

SB 16 – AN ACT relating to Medicaid coverage for licensed certified professional midwifery services.
Senate Bill 16 is estimated to cost of about $400,000 per year, $80,000 from the General Fund.

Based on data available, about 25% of the infants born after the intrapartum transfers – or about 32 – would need additional care in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). This is care that would most likely not have been needed if the delivery had occurred in a hospital setting. The average cost of a NICU stay in 2020 based on total stays, hospital payments, and number of distinct members was $11,643, an additional $372,576 in NICU costs. The estimated costs include $20,000 from emergency transports for about 130 additional intrapartum transports. If certified professional midwives (CPMs) were introduced within the existing medical infrastructure – as support staff in hospitals and/or birthing centers – then improved outcomes and even cost savings could be achieved.

If the home birth rate were to be higher, these costs would similarly rise.

SB 21 – AN ACT relating to traffic control signal monitoring systems.
Senate Bill 21 is expected to have an upfront cost of $100,000 with an estimated $25,000 in ongoing support costs. This bill will require two new interfaces to the KAVIS system.

SB 27 – AN ACT relating to Parkinson's disease.
Senate Bill 27 is estimated to require an initial one-time cost of $635,000 to $1 million and $100,000 in annual ongoing costs in state funding to set up a Parkinson's Disease Registry.

This estimate comes from looking at six other states, including Utah, Nebraska, and South Carolina, that have already established or are working to establish similar registries.

Building the system involves:

• $200,000-$400,000 initial costs for designing, developing, and maintaining the system over time;
• $150,000-$175,000 initial costs for including the cabinet's Office of Application and Technology Services (OATS) requirement to hire additional staff;
• $50,000-$100,000 initial costs for new technology or data systems;
• $100,000-140,000 initial costs for developing a secure data collection system;
• $35,000-$60,000 initial costs for develop data storage and management of that storage; and
• $100,000-$125,000 initial costs for developing reporting and analysis tools or buying those tools from external vendors, i.e. licenses.

The bill does not appropriate funding, and it specifically states the cabinet shall be responsible for any costs incurred in administering the registry and advisory committee, etc.

SB 32 – AN ACT relating to veterans.
Senate Bill 32 is estimated to cost $110,000 for an additional staff position within the Kentucky Center for Statistics to produce a new monthly report projecting workforce needs by industry, occupational group, geographic region, and credentials or training, including comparison with existing workforce availability and the availability of credentials in Kentucky.

SB 33 – AN ACT relating to marijuana.
Senate Bill 33 is estimated to cost between $100,000 and $500,000 to cover the costs of retroactive automatic expungement of marijuana possession, trafficking, or cultivation cases. The Department of Libraries and Archives serves as the records center and archives for the judicial branch records. All of the hard copy and digitized records must be redacted to complete the expungement.

SB 42 – AN ACT relating to music therapy.
Senate Bill 42 is estimated to cost $45,000 for administrative and legal services to establish a licensing board for professional music therapists. The estimated cost for the board would be dependent on the number of licenses issued.

SB43 – AN ACT relating to operator's licenses.
Senate Bill 43 is estimated to cost less than $100,000. The bill removes the $200 per day cap on review board member compensation, which will increase the cost of hearings.

SB 44 – AN ACT relating to fees.
Senate Bill 44 is estimated to have a cost impact that is indeterminable, but likely to have significant costs. The bill requires the Finance and Administration Cabinet to pay court costs, guardian ad litem and the domestic relations commissioner fees for indigent parties in a variety of cases that would include thousands of court cases per year.

SB 53 – AN ACT relating to fees.
Senate Bill 53 is estimated to have a cost impact that is indeterminable, but likely to have significant costs. The bill requires the Finance and Administration Cabinet to pay court costs, guardian ad litem and the domestic relations commissioner fees for indigent parties in a variety of cases that would include thousands of court cases per year.

SB 57 – AN ACT relating to funding health care services from increased penalties for speeding violations.
Senate Bill 57 is estimated to cost $700,000 of which $200,000 is recurring from the Road Fund for an information technology administrative system and two administrative staff to handle the additional work and additional postage costs.

SB 61 – AN ACT relating to swimming pools.
Senate Bill 61 is estimated to cost approximately $85,000 per incident of a waterborne illness outbreak. If estimating between 50-100 incidents of a waterborne illness outbreak, the cost for the Department of Public Health to investigate would be $4.25-8.5 million.

$50,000 per incident for local health department and state program staff time (not including overtime or other costs associated with travel, specimen collection, and packaging and shipping costs), and $35,000 per incident for sample collection and testing.

SB 63 – AN ACT relating to street-legal special purpose vehicles.
Senate Bill 63 is estimated to cost $492,000. This includes three additional Motor Vehicle Licensing staff to cover the additional workload: $317,000, $100,000 for changes to the KAVIS system changes, and $75,000 for additional enforcement efforts by the Motor Vehicle Commission regarding dealers that would be under the jurisdiction of the Commission.

SB 74 – AN ACT relating to coverage of annual mental health wellness examinations.
Senate Bill 74​ will have a minimal fiscal impact to the Cabinet for Health and Family Services (CHFS/cabinet), Department for Medicaid Services (DMS), because a federal approval clause limits the fiscal impact.

A mental health wellness examination bill has had a fiscal impact in the past. This version does not have a fiscal impact, because various existing services would already qualify. In addition, DMS does not have a referral requirement for mental health or substance use disorder (SUD) services. This information is preliminary and subject to additional review and analysis.

SB 89 – AN ACT relating to environmental protection and declaring an emergency.
Senate Bill 89 is estimated to cost $2,625,000 including an annual cost increase of $1.8 million for additional staff and operating expenses, and $225,000 for vehicles, and a decrease of $600,000 in program revenue. The bill requires some permit renewals to include a site visit and investigation that is not required under current law. The site visit and investigation are necessary to determine if a waterway meets the new definition of navigable waterways. That could involve 8,000 currently permitted sites over a number of years. The $600,000 reduction in program revenue is due to the overall reduction in permitted sites.

SB 99 – AN ACT relating to operating a motor vehicle.
Senate Bill 99 is estimated to cost less than $100,000 in programming costs to the KAVIS system.

SB 100 – AN ACT relating to products containing nicotine.
Senate Bill 100 is estimated to cost $2.4 million for the establishment of the Division of Tobacco, Nicotine, and Vapor Product Licensing, which includes $1.7 million for 16 additional staff and $620,000 for enforcement vehicles and software upgrades for the licensing process. After the initial establishment of the Division, license fees and fines authorized in SB 100 is expected to cover ongoing costs.

SB 111 – An ACT relating to juvenile justice.
Senate Bill 111 is estimated to cost $95 million in capital project funding for the design and construction of two female juvenile detention facilities and the design of a high-acuity mental health facility. The estimated construction costs of the high-acuity mental health facility will be determined by the design project.​

SB 125 – AN ACT relating to identity documents.
Senate Bill 125 is estimated to cost $100,000 in programming changes to driver license information system.

SB 136 – AN ACT relating to the Transportation Cabinet titling and registration system.
Senate Bill 136 is estimated to cost $500,000 for KAVIS programming changes needed to transition to solely using electronic titles, and a change in the transmission of liens, boat transfers, titles of jointly owned vehicles, and the use of temporary tags.​

SB 162 (SCS1) – AN ACT relating to unemployment insurance.
Senate Bill 162 with Senate Committee Substitute 1 is estimated to cost $1.26 million in the first year and $260,000 for each subsequent year for two additional staff for identification and referral of suspected unemployment insurance fraud. The first-year costs include $1 million in one-time costs for modifications to the new unemployment insurance system to include the functionality necessary to aid in the identification of suspected unemployment insurance fraud. ​​

SB 166 – AN ACT relating to identity documents.
Senate Bill 166 is estimated to cost $8.1 million for four new regional driver license offices (Jessamine, Scott, Oldham and Bullitt Counties) and allows county clerks in counties where there is no permanent driver license office to issue operator's licenses and personal identification cards for that county's residents. The costs include $3.9 million in operating costs, $200,000 in start-up costs for the regional offices; $3.2 million in operating and $800,000 in start-up costs for county clerk operated services.  SB 166 will reduce revenues into the Road Fund since county clerks would retain 25% of collections.

SB 180 – AN ACT relating to water fluoridation programs.
Senate Bill 180 is estimated to costs between $19.7-59.1 million total ($3.9-11.8 million state) assuming a 10-30% percentage of the population with non-fluoridated drinking water:

• 10% $19.7 million total ($3.94 million state funds)
• $17 million​​ for one additional carie per year for 68,000 children
• $2.7 million in increased non-preventive dental costs for 90,000 adults
• 30% $59.1 million ($11.8 million state funds)
• $51 million for one additional carie per year for 204,000 children
• $8.1 million in increased non-preventive dental costs for 270,000 adults
  

SB 217 – AN ACT relating to certificate of need.
Senate Bill 217 is estimated to cost $424,500 per year for three additional staff to process the anticipated increase in licensure applications as the facilities exempted from the certificate of need would be required to apply for licensure. SB 217 is anticipated to decrease revenue by $50,000 per year due to fewer certificate of need applications.

SB 234 – AN ACT relating to non-compete clauses.
Senate Bill 234 is estimated to cost $110,000 per year for an additional investigator staff position within the Department of Workplace Standards to enforce requirements which make non-compete clauses unenforceable.  ​

SB 243 – AN ACT relating to hospital price transparency.
Senate Bill 243 is estimated to cost $700,200 for the first year and $577,200 for each subsequent year for four additional staff for the Office of Inspector General at a cost of approximately $567,200 each year, plus information technology costs of about $123,000 initially and $10,000 for each subsequent year, to monitor hospital price transparency including evaluating complaints and auditing facility websites for compliance.​​​